The Garibaldi Panorama: a timeline
Approaching the Garibaldi Panorama as a visual document without having a precise knowledge of the events that constitute Giuseppe Garibaldi’s story means facing a challenge: reconstructing the actual story from the narrated episodes. This challenge is quite demanding: although it seems to constitute a linear presentation of events, the Panorama is in fact a narrative, and therefore a representation that is, to a certain extent, inevitably fictional. The author of the Panorama (who has been identified as J. J. Story) had to make a series of choices and editing decisions in shaping his narrative; such choices need to be understood in relation to two factors in particular: the audience that the panorama was meant to address, and the flow of the news regarding Garibaldi’s deeds, which were reaching England in the very same weeks in which the Panorama was most probably being painted.
While composing the Garibaldi Panorama, Story’s main preoccupation was to narrate the adventures of its protagonist by mingling the actual facts with the elements of “virtual tourism” that so much intrigued the audience of panoramas. The historical facts were mainly derived from the contemporary illustrated news and the biographies of Garibaldi circulating at the time (although the latter were quite fictionalized already); the “virtual tourism” component substituted for classic tourism (the Panorama offered people the possibility to admire Italian landscapes), and also added elements of “war tourism” (the Panorama represented several battles, which greatly excited nineteenth-century audiences).
The first step we took in undertaking the mapping of the Panorama’s narrative aspects was dividing the Panorama in thematic sections, which deserve to be analyzed separately. During our semester-long project, we decided to focus on the events of the year 1860, which occupy most of Side Two of the Panorama. This period is particularly interesting, since the events represented were essentially unfolding while the Panorama itself was being realized; it is therefore particularly engaging to examine the intertwining between the creation of the Panorama and the publication of the illustrated news that Story used as his main visual sources (many of the images painted by Story are directly derived from the Illustrated London News).
In order to obtain a chronological visualization of our materials and of the results of our research, we created a timeline to be added to the Garibaldi & the Risorgimento website. Our timeline is composed of three parallel areas that collect in chronological order: 1. The historical events; 2. The ILN articles reporting such events (by clicking on the entry’s title the corresponding illustration appears); 3. The periods of composition and exhibition of the Panorama. The parallel visualization allows the researcher to formulate interesting hypotheses on the timing of the Panorama’s production and on the narrative choices of its author. The timeline we realized is not extensively comprehensive yet, but it shows the valuable potentials of such a tool. It will be possible to insert other articles and publications, such as the biographies of Garibaldi and the travel diaries that inspired Story’s narrative, and to populate the timeline with events and materials relating to other sections of the Panorama. It will also be possible to further exploit the graphic potentials of the software by inserting, for example, color codes that highlight specific connections among the materials (in the area dedicated to publications, for instance, we could distinguish between news, biographies, travel diaries etc. by means of different colors).
Anna Santucci (Doctoral student in Italian Studies)
Nicholas Vitrano, '13 (Concentrator in Italian Studies)
