{"id":99,"date":"2014-04-23T00:30:45","date_gmt":"2014-04-23T00:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/library.brown.edu\/beyondcarnival\/?page_id=99"},"modified":"2014-04-23T00:30:45","modified_gmt":"2014-04-23T00:30:45","slug":"the-emergence-of-a-movement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/chapter-6\/the-emergence-of-a-movement\/","title":{"rendered":"The Emergence of a Movement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>While authoritarian political restraints<\/strong> muffled initial attempts to create gay rights groups in the early\u00a01970s, cultural and social changes among Brazilian youth and middle-class homosexuals provided the basis for the formation of a gay liberation movement during the political opening of 1976. For a more complete account of the emergence of Brazil&#8217;s gay liberation movement, read James N. Green&#8217;s article &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/05\/More-Love-and-More-Desire.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">More Love and More Desire: The Building of a Brazilian Movement<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Somos: Grupo de Afirma\u00e7\u00e3o Homossexual<\/strong> (We Are: Group of Homosexual Affirmation) became Brazil&#8217;s first lasting and successful gay liberation organization. Organized in 1978, Somos evolved from a purely consciousness-raising group to an organization that carried out activities ranging from political campaigning to participation in public academic debates. Click on the following image for a brief history of the group&#8217;s first stages, as written\u00a0by a Somos member in 1980.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/somos-history0001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-247 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/somos-history-pic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/somos-history-pic.jpg 464w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/somos-history-pic-287x300.jpg 287w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_251\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/SOMOS-suruba.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-251\" class=\"wp-image-251\" src=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/SOMOS-suruba.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/SOMOS-suruba.jpg 1421w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/SOMOS-suruba-247x300.jpg 247w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/SOMOS-suruba-768x934.jpg 768w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/SOMOS-suruba-842x1024.jpg 842w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2014\/04\/SOMOS-suruba-624x759.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-251\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cover of the December 1979 edition of Somos&#8217; newsletter<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While authoritarian political restraints muffled initial attempts to create gay rights groups in the early\u00a01970s, cultural and social changes among Brazilian youth and middle-class homosexuals provided the basis for the formation of a gay liberation movement during the political opening of 1976. For a more complete account of the emergence of Brazil&#8217;s gay liberation movement, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"parent":58,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-99","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/99","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/99\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/beyondcarnival\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}