Skip to primary content
Brazil: Five Centuries of Change
Search
Main menu
Home
Chapters
Chapter 1: The Making of Colonial Brazil, 1500-1694
1.1 Brazilwood
1.2 Feitorias and Engenhos: The Changing Economy of Colonial Brazil
1.3 Captaincies-General: The Structure of Governance in Colonial Brazil
1.4 Bandeirantes, Natives, and Indigenous Slavery
1.5 Dutch Occupation
Chapter 2: A New Colonial Order, 1695-1821
2.1 Gold Discovered
2.2 The Jesuit Order in Colonial Brazil
2.3 The African Slave Trade and Slave Life
2.4 Enlightenment and Conspiracies
Chapter 3: Independent Brazil and the Consolidation of a Nation, 1822-1850
3.1 Pedro I and Pedro II
3.2 Conflicts with Neighbors to the South
3.3 Coffee
Chapter 4: Late Imperial Brazil, 1851-1888
4.1 The Paraguayan War
4.2 Slavery in the 19th Century
4.3 Abolition
4.4 Positivism
4.5 Immigration
Chapter 5: Republican Brazil, 1889-1930
5.1 Racial Thought After Abolition
5.2 The Vaccine Riots and Modernization Challenges in Rio de Janeiro
5.3 Modern Art Week and the Rise of Brazilian Modernism
5.4 Brazil’s Image Abroad
5.5 The Rise of the Military in Politics: From the Old Republic to Estado Novo
Chapter 6: The Vargas Era, 1930-1945
6.1 Getúlio Vargas
6.2 Communists and Fascists
6.3 Economy under Vargas
6.4 Estado Novo and Authoritarian Centralization
6.5 Cultural Exchange in the Forging of Brazil’s Special Relationship with the U.S.
Chapter 7: Experiments in Democracy, 1946-1964
Return of Vargas
Juscelino Kubitschek
Bossa Nova
Brazilian Futebol and the 1958 World Cup
Black Orpheus
Brasília
Jânio Quadros
João Goulart
Base Reforms and Mobilization under Goulart
Lead up to the Coup
Chapter 8: Rule of the Military, 1964-1985
Cinema Novo
“The Country That Saved Itself”
The Economic “Miracle”
Military Presidents
Castelo Branco
Costa e Silva
Médici
Geisel
Figueiredo
The Rise of Student Movements
International Opposition to the Military
Chapter 9: The Return to Democracy, 1985-1994
Turbulence in the Presidency
José Sarney (1985-1990)
Fernando Color de Mello (1990-1992)
Itamar Franco (1992-1994)
AIDS
History of HIV/AIDS in Brazil
Cazuza: Brazil’s First Public “Face of AIDS”
Renato Russo: Contradictions in Music and Life
Income Equality
Fernando Henrique Cardoso and The Plano Real
Interview with Brazilian economist Persio Arida
Brazilians in the U.S.
Favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Past and Present
Chapter 10: Consolidating Democracy, 1995-2006
Cardoso Privatizations
Luiz Ignácio Lula da Silva
Lula’s First Term
Bolsa Familia and Universities
Chapter 11: Brazil Polarized, 2007 to the Present
Lula’s Second Term
Dilma Rousseff
2013 Protests
2014 World Cup
Dilma’s Impeachment
Michel Temer
Operation Car Wash
Lula Imprisoned
International Mobilizations against Bolsonaro
Glossary
Films and Literature
Brazil in the Movies
Recommended Literature
Bibliography
Bibliography vol.3 pt 2
Site Credits
Chapter 7: Experiments in Democracy, 1946-1964
