The following sources, all available in English, provide excellent context and analysis on the topics presented on this site.<\/p>\n
Alden, Dauril. Royal Government in Colonial Brazil: With Special Reference to the Administration of the Marquis of Lavradio, Viceroy, 1769–1779<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1968.<\/p>\n Bethell, Leslie, ed. Colonial Brazil.<\/em> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.<\/p>\n Boxer, C. R. The Golden Age of Brazil: Growing Pains of a Colonial Society, 1695–1750<\/em>. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1962.<\/p>\n Capistrano de Abreu, Jo\u00e3o. Chapters of Brazil’s Colonial History, 1500–1800.<\/em> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n Dean, Warren. With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1995.<\/p>\n Diffie, Bailey W. \u00a0A History of Colonial Brazil, 1500–1792<\/em>. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger, 1987.<\/p>\n Freyre, Gilberto. The Masters and Slaves: A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1986.<\/p>\n ______. New World in the Tropics<\/em>. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1971.<\/p>\n Furtado, Celso. The Economic Growth of Brazil: A Survey from Colonial to Modern Times<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of Chicago Press, 1965.<\/p>\n Hemming, John. Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians<\/em>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.<\/p>\n ______. Amazon Frontier: The Defeat of the Brazilian Indians.<\/em> Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987.<\/p>\n Higgins, Kathleen J. “Licentious Liberty” in a Brazilian Gold-Mining Region: Slavery, Gender, and Social Control in Eighteenth-Century Sabar\u00e1, Minas Gerais.\u00a0<\/em>Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n Israel, Jonathan. The Expansion of Tolerance: Religion in Dutch Brazil (1624–1654)<\/em>. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007.<\/p>\n Lang, James. Portuguese Brazil: The King’s Plantation<\/em>. New York: Academic Press, 1979.<\/p>\n Langfur, Hal. The Forbidden Lands: Colonial Identity, Frontier Violence, and the Persistence of Brazil’s Eastern Indians, 1750–1830.<\/em> Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n Macdonald, N. P.\u00a0 The Making of Brazil: Portuguese Roots 1500–1822<\/em>.\u00a0 Sussex: The Book Guild Ltd, 1996.<\/p>\n Mattoso, Katia M. de Queir\u00f3s. To Be a Slave in Brazil, 1550–1888<\/em>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1986.<\/p>\n Maxwell, Kenneth. Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750–1808.<\/em> Cambridge, 1973.<\/p>\n Metcalf, Alida. Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Para\u00edba, 1580–1822.<\/em> Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1992.<\/p>\n ______. Go-betweens and the Colonization of Brazil, 1500–1600.<\/span><\/em> Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2005.<\/p>\n Moog, Vianna. Bandeirantes and Pioneers<\/em>. New York: George Brasiller, 1964.<\/p>\n Morse, Richard M. The Bandeirantes: The Historical Role of the Brazilian Pathfinders<\/em>.\u00a0New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.<\/p>\n Nazzari, Muriel. Disappearance of the Dowry: Women, Families, and Social Change in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 1600–1900<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991.<\/p>\n Prado J\u00fanior, Caio. The Colonial Background of Modern Brazil<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1967.<\/p>\n Russell-Wood, A. J. R. Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Miseric\u00f4rdia of Bahia, 1550–1755<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1968.<\/p>\n ______.\u00a0 Slavery and Freedom in Colonial Brazil<\/em>.\u00a0Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2002.<\/p>\n Schwartz, Stuart B. Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and its Judges, 1609–1751.<\/em> Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1973.<\/p>\n ______. Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society, 1550–1835.<\/em> New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.<\/p>\n ______. Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels: Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery<\/em>. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1996.<\/p>\n Souza, Laura de Mello e. The Devil and the Land of the Holy Cross: Witchcraft, Slavery, and Popular Religion in Colonial Brazil.<\/em> Translated by Diane Grosklaus Whitty. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2003.<\/p>\n Sweet, James H. Recreating Africa: Culture, Kinship and Relation in the African-Portuguese World, 1441–1770. <\/em>Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.<\/p>\n Tannenbaum, Frank. Slave and Citizen.\u00a0<\/em>Boston: Beacon Press, 1992.<\/p>\n Wadsworth, James E. Agents of Orthodoxy: Honor, Status, and the Inquisition in Colonial Pernambuco, Brazil<\/em>. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield Publlishers, 2007.<\/p>\n Barickman, B. J.\u00a0 A Bahian Counterpoint: Sugar, Tobacco, Cassava, and Slavery in the Rec\u00f4ncavo, 1780-1860.<\/em> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n Barman, Roderick J. Citizen Emperor: Pedro II of Brazil<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n Baronov, David. The Abolition of Slavery in Brazil: The “Liberation” of Africans Through the Emancipation of Capital<\/em>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2000.<\/p>\n Beattie, Peter M. The Tribute of Blood: Army, Honor, Race, and Nation in Brazil, 1864–1945.<\/em> Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n Bethell, Leslie. The Abolition of Brazilian Slave Trade: Britain, Brazil, and the Slave Trade Question, 1807–1869<\/em>. Cambridge, 1970.<\/p>\n ______, ed. Brazil: Empire and Republic, 1822–1930<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.<\/p>\n Bieber, Judy. Power, Patronage and Political Violence: State Building on a Brazilian Frontier, 1822–1889<\/em>. Lincoln, Neb.: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1999.<\/p>\n Borges, Dain. The Family in Bahia, 1870–1945<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1992.<\/p>\n Conrad, Robert Edgar. Children of God’s Fire: A Documentary History of Black Slavery in Brazil<\/em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.<\/p>\n ______. The Destruction of Brazilian Slavery, 1850–1888.<\/em> Malabar, Fla.: Krieger, 1993.<\/p>\n Costa, Emilia Viotti da. The Brazilian Empire: Myths and Histories<\/em>. Revised edition. Durham, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.<\/p>\n Dawsey, Cyrus B. and James M. Dawsey, eds. The Confederados: Old South Immigrants in Brazil.<\/em> Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1995.<\/p>\n Dean, Warren. Rio Claro: A Brazilian Plantation System, 1820-1920<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1976.<\/p>\n Degler, Carl N. Neither Black Nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States<\/em>. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.<\/p>\n Dias, Maria Odila Silva. Power and Everyday Life: The Lives of Working Women in Nineteenth-Century Brazil<\/em>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1995.<\/p>\n Eakin, Marshall. British Enterprise in Brazil: The St. John d’el Rey Mining Company and the Morro Velho Gold Mine, 1830–1930<\/em>. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1989.<\/p>\n Eisenberg, Peter L. The Sugar Industry in Pernambuco, 1840–1910: Modernization without Change<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1974.<\/p>\n Frank, Zephyr L. Dutra’s World: Wealth and Family in Nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro<\/em>. Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, 2004.<\/p>\n Freyre, Gilberto. Order and Progress: Brazil from Monarch to Republic.<\/em> Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1986.<\/p>\n Graham, Richard. Britain and the Onset of Modernization in Brazil, 1850–1914<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.<\/p>\n ______. Patronage and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Brazil<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1990.<\/p>\n Graham, Sandra Lauderdale. House and Street: The Domestic World of Servants and Masters in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro<\/em>. Cambridge, England: Cambridge Latin American Studies, 1988.<\/p>\n Graden, Dale Torston. Slavery to Freedom in Brazil: Bahia, 1835–1900<\/em>. Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, 2006.<\/p>\n Griggs, William Clark.\u00a0The Elusive Eden: Frank McMullan’s Confederate Colony in Brazil<\/em>.\u00a0 Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1987.<\/p>\n Hahner, June E. Civilian-Military Relations in Brazil: 1889–1898.<\/em> Columbia, S.C.: University of\u00a0 South Carolina Press, 1969.<\/p>\n Hanley, Anne G. Native Capital: Financial Institutions and Economic Development in S\u00e3o Paulo, 1850–1920.<\/em> Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2005.<\/p>\n Holloway, Thomas. H., Policing Rio de Janeiro: Repression and Resistance in a 19th-Century City<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1993.<\/p>\n Horne, Gerald. The Deepest South: The United States, Brazil, and the African Slave Trade<\/em>. New York: New York University Press, 2007.<\/p>\n Kiddy, Elizabeth W. Blacks of the Rosary: Memory and History in Minas Gerais, Brazil<\/em>. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005.<\/p>\n Kittleson, Roger Alan. The Practice of Politics in Postcolonial Brazil: Porto Alegre, 1845–1895.<\/em> Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006.<\/p>\n Kirkendall, Andrew J. Class Mates: Male Student Culture and the Making of a Political Class in Nineteenth-Century Brazil.<\/em> Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 2002.<\/p>\n Kraay, Hendrik, ed. Afro-Brazilian Culture and Politics: Bahia, 1790–1990s<\/em>. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.<\/p>\n ______. Race, State, and Armed Forces in Independence-Era Brazil, Bahia, 1790s–1840s.<\/em> Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.<\/p>\n Levine, Robert M. Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893–1897<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1992.<\/p>\n Lewin, Linda. Politics and Parentela in Paraiba: A Case Study of Family-Based Oligarchy in Brazil<\/em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988.<\/p>\n ______.\u00a0 Surprise Heirs<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2003.<\/p>\n Meade, Teresa A. “Civilizing” Rio: Reform and Resistance in a Brazilian City, 1889–1930<\/em>. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n McCreery, David. Frontier Goi\u00e1s, 1822–1889<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n Mosher, Jeffrey C. Political Struggle, Ideology, and State Building: Pernambuco and the Construction of Brazil, 1817–1850.<\/em> Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 2008.<\/p>\n Naro, Nancy Priscilla.\u00a0 A Slave’s Place, A Master’s World: Fashioning Dependency in Rural Brazil<\/em>.\u00a0London: Continuum, 2000.<\/p>\n Needell, Jeffrey D. The Party of Order: The Conservatives, the State, and Slavery in the Brazilian Monarchy, 1831–1871.<\/em> Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n Nishida, Meiko. Slavery and Identity: Ethnicity, Gender, and Race in Salvador, Brazil, 1808–1888.\u00a0<\/em>Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2003.<\/p>\n Peard, Julyan G. Race, Place, and Medicine: The Idea of the Tropics in Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Medicine<\/em>. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n Russell-Wood, A.J.R. ed. From Colony to Nation: Essays on the Independence of Brazil.<\/em> Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.<\/p>\n Santos, Martha S. Cleansing Honor with Blood: Masculinity, Violence, and Power in the Backlands of Northeast Brazil, 1845–1889<\/em>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2012.<\/p>\n Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz. The Spectacle of the Races: Scientists, Institutions, and the Race Question in Brazil, 1870–1930.<\/em> New York: Hill and Wang, 1999.<\/p>\n Stein, Stanley J. Vassouras: A Brazilian Coffee County, 1850–1890: The Roles of Planter and Slave in a Changing Plantation Society<\/em>. New York: Antheneum, 1970.<\/p>\n Summerhill, William Roderick. Order Against Progress: Government, Foreign Investment, and Railroads in Brazil, 1854–1913.<\/em> Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2003.<\/p>\n Toplin, Robert Brent. The Abolition of Slavery in Brazil.<\/em> New York: Antheneum, 1992.<\/p>\n Alberto, Paulina L. Terms of Inclusion: Black Intellectuals in Twentieth-century Brazil<\/em>. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2011<\/p>\n Albuquerque, Severino J. Tentative Transgressions: Homosexuality, AIDS, and Theater in Brazil.<\/em> Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.<\/p>\n Alvarez, Sonia E. Engendering Democracy in Brazil: Women’s Movements in Transition Politics<\/em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.<\/p>\n Alves, M\u00e1rcio Moreira. A Grain of Mustard Seed: The Awakening of the Brazilian Revolution<\/em>. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1973.<\/p>\n Alves, Maria Helena Moreira. State and Opposition in Military Brazil<\/em>. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1985.<\/p>\n Andrews, George Reid. Blacks and Whites in S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil, 1888-1988<\/em>. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.<\/p>\n Besse, Susan K. Restructuring Patriarchy: The Modernization of Gender Inequality in Brazil, 1914–1940<\/em>. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.<\/p>\n Bruneau, Thomas C. The Political Transformation of the Brazilian Catholic Church<\/em>. London: Cambridge University Press, 1974.<\/p>\n Burdick, John. Looking for God in Brazil: The Progressive Catholic Church in Urban Brazil’s Religious Arena<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1993.<\/p>\n Butler, Kim D. Freedoms Given, Freedoms Won: Afro-Brazilians in Post-Abolition S\u00e3o Paulo and Salvador.<\/em> New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n Caulfield, Sueann. In Defense of Honor: Sexual Morality, Modernity, and Nation in Early-Twentieth-Century Brazil<\/em>. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n Chazkel, Amy. Laws of Chance: Brazil’s Clandestine Lottery and the Making of Urban Public Life<\/em>. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2011.<\/p>\n Chesnut, R. Andrew. Born Again in Brazil: The Pentecostal Boom and the Pathogens of Poverty<\/em>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n Cort\u00e9s, Carlos E. \u00a0Ga\u00facho Politics in Brazil: The Politics of Rio Grande do Sul, 1930–1964<\/em>. Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, 1974.<\/p>\n D\u00e1vila, Jerry. Diploma of Whiteness: Race and Social Policy in Brazil, 1917–1945.<\/em> Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003.<\/p>\n ______. Hotel Tr\u00f3pico: Brazil and the Challenge of African Decolonization, 1950–1980.<\/em> Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2010.<\/p>\n Dean, Warren. The Industrialization of S\u00e3o Paulo.<\/em> Austin, Texas: University of Texas, 1969.<\/p>\n Della Cava, Ralph. Miracle at Juazeiro.<\/em> New York: Columbia University Press, 1970.<\/p>\n Diacon, Todd A. Millenarian Vision, Capitalist Reality: Brazil’s Contestado Rebellion, 1912–1916.<\/em> Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1991.<\/p>\n ______. Stringing Together a Nation: C\u00e2ndido Mariano da Silva Rondon and the Construction of a Modern Brazil, 1906–1930.<\/em> Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2004.<\/p>\n Dunn, Christopher. Brutality Garden: Tropic\u00e1lia and the Emergence of a Brazilian Counterculture<\/em>. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina, 2001.<\/p>\n Erickson, Kenneth Paul. The Brazilian Corporative State and Working Class Politics<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1977.<\/p>\n Fernandes, Florestan. The Negro in Brazilian Society<\/em>. New York: Antheneum, 1971.<\/p>\n ______. Reflections on the Brazilian Counter-Revolution: Essays by Florestan Fernandes<\/em>. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1981.<\/p>\n Font, Mauricio A. Coffee, Contention and Change in the Making of Modern Brazil<\/em>. Oxford: Blakewell, 1990.<\/p>\n French, John. The Brazilian Workers’ ABC: Class Conflict and Alliances in Modern S\u00e3o Paulo<\/em>. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.<\/p>\n Furtado, Celso. The Economic Growth of Brazil: A Survey from Colonial to Modern Times<\/em>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of Chicago Press, 1965.<\/p>\n Gay, Robert. Popular Organization and Democracy in Rio de Janeiro.: A Tale of Two Favelas<\/em>. Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n Graham, Richard. Feeding the City: From Street Market to Liberal Reform in Salvador, Brazil, 1780–1860<\/em>. Austin, Texas: University of Texas, 2010.<\/p>\n Green, James N. Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil.<\/em> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.<\/p>\n ______. We Cannot Remain Silent: Opposition to the Brazilian Military Dictatorship in the United States.<\/em> Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2010.<\/p>\n Hahner, June E. Emancipating the Female Sex: The Struggle for Women’s Rights in Brazil, 1850–1940<\/em>. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1990.<\/p>\n Haines, Gerald K. The Americanization of Brazil: A Study of U.S. Cold War Diplomacy in the Third World, 1945–1954.<\/em> Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1989.<\/p>\n Hanchard, Michael George. Orpheus and Power: The Movimento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo, 1945–1988<\/em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n Hellwig, David J. African-American Reflections on Brazil’s Racial Paradise.\u00a0<\/em>Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press, 1992.<\/p>\n Hewitt, W. E. Base Christian Communities and Social Change in Brazil.<\/em> University of Nebraska Press, 1991.<\/p>\n Holloway, Thomas H. Immigrants on the Land: Coffee and Society in S\u00e3o Paulo, 1889–1934.<\/em> Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1980.<\/p>\n Holston, James. The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Bras\u00edlia<\/em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.<\/p>\n Huggins, Martha. Political Policing: The United States and Latin America.<\/em> Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n Huggins, Martha, Mika Haritos-Tatouros and Philip G. Zimbardo. Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazilian Atrocities.\u00a0<\/em> Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002.<\/p>\n<\/h1>\n
NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRAZIL<\/strong><\/h1>\n
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TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRAZIL<\/strong><\/h1>\n