{"id":413,"date":"2012-08-17T14:11:37","date_gmt":"2012-08-17T19:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/library.brown.edu\/modernlatinamerica\/?page_id=413"},"modified":"2016-07-05T18:16:07","modified_gmt":"2016-07-05T18:16:07","slug":"central-american-heads-of-state","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/chapters\/chapter-5-central-america\/central-american-heads-of-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Central American Heads of State"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nicaragua:<\/span><\/p>\n

1879<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Joaqu\u00edn Zavala<\/p>\n

1883<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ad\u00e1n C\u00e1rdenas<\/p>\n

\"pes_533346\"<\/a>

Ad\u00e1n C\u00e1rdenas<\/p><\/div>\n

1887<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Evaristo Carazo<\/p>\n

1889<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Roberto Sacasa<\/p>\n

1893<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Innere Wirren
\nJos\u00e9 Santos Zelaya<\/p>\n

1909<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Madriz<\/p>\n

1910<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Dolores Estrada<\/p>\n

1911<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Juan Jos\u00e9 Estrada, January 1\u2013May 9
\nAdolfo D\u00edaz, May 9\u2013December 31\u00a0(U.S. Occupation)<\/p>\n

1917<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (U.S. Occupation)<\/p>\n

\"Emiliano_Chamorro_Vargas\"<\/a>

Emiliano Chamorro Vargas<\/p><\/div>\n

1919<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Diego Manuel Chamorro (U.S. Occupation)<\/p>\n

1923<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Bartolom\u00e9o Mart\u00ednez (U.S. Occupation)<\/p>\n

1925<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Sol\u00f3rzano (U.S. Occpation)<\/p>\n

1926<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Emiliano Chamorro Vargas,\u00a0January 15\u2013November 11
\nAdolfo D\u00edaz, November 11\u2013
\nJanuary 1, 1929 (U.S. Occupation)<\/p>\n

1929<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Moncada (U.S. Occupation)<\/p>\n

1933<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Juan Bautista Sacasa<\/p>\n

1936<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Brenes Jarqu\u00edn<\/p>\n

1937<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Anastasio Somoza Garc\u00eda<\/p>\n

1947<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Leonardo Arg\u00fcello, May 1\u201326<\/p>\n

\"Tachito_Somoza_y_su_esposa_Hope_en_el_Retiro\"<\/a>

Anastasio Somoza Debayle and his wife<\/p><\/div>\n

Benjam\u00edn Lacayo Sacasa, May 26\u2013August 15<\/p>\n

Victor Rom\u00e1n y Reyes, August 15\u2013May 6, 1950<\/p>\n

1950<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Anastasio Somoza Garc\u00eda<\/p>\n

1956<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Luis Somoza Debayle<\/p>\n

1963<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ren\u00e9 Schick Guti\u00e9rrez<\/p>\n

1966<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Lorenzo Guerrero Guti\u00e9rrez<\/p>\n

1967<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Anastasio Somoza Debayle<\/p>\n

1972<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Governing junta
\nfor Somoza family<\/p>\n

1974<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Anastasio Somoza Debayle<\/p>\n

1979<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Sandinista junta: Daniel Ortega and others<\/p>\n

\"Daniel_Ortega_2008\"<\/a>

Daniel OrtegaOrtega and othersOrtega and others<\/p><\/div>\n

1985\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Daniel Ortega Saavedra<\/p>\n

1990<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Violeta Barrios de Chamorro<\/p>\n

1997<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Arnaldo Alem\u00e1n Lacayo<\/p>\n

2002<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Enrique Bola\u00f1os<\/p>\n

2007<\/strong> Daniel Ortega<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El Salvador:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Rafael_Zaldivar\"<\/a>

Rafael Zald\u00edvar<\/p><\/div>\n

1876<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rafael Zald\u00edvar<\/p>\n

1885<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Francisco Men\u00e9ndez<\/p>\n

1890<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Ezeta<\/p>\n

1894<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rafael Guti\u00e9rrez<\/p>\n

1898<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Tom\u00e1s Regalado<\/p>\n

1903<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Pedro Jos\u00e9 Escal\u00f3n<\/p>\n

1907<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Fernando Figueroa<\/p>\n

1911\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Manuel Enrique Araujo<\/p>\n

1913\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Carlos Mel\u00e9ndez Ramirez<\/p>\n

1914<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alfonso Qui\u00f1\u00f3nes Molina<\/p>\n

1915<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Mel\u00e9ndez<\/p>\n

1919<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jorge Mel\u00e9ndez<\/p>\n

1923<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alfonso Qui\u00f1\u00f3nez Molina<\/p>\n

1927<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0P\u00edo Romero Bosque<\/p>\n

1931<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Arturo Araujo, March 1\u2013December 4
\nMaximiliano Hern\u00e1ndez Mart\u00ednez, December 4-August 29, 1934<\/p>\n

\"Alfonso_Quin\u0303o\u0301nez_Molina_1915\"<\/a>

Alfonso Qui\u00f1\u00f3nez MolinaDecember 4\u2013August 29, 1934<\/p><\/div>\n

1934<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Andr\u00e9s Ignacio Men\u00e9ndez<\/p>\n

1935<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Maximiliano Hern\u00e1ndez Mart\u00ednez<\/p>\n

1944<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Andr\u00e9s Ignacio Men\u00e9ndez, May 9\u2013
\nOctober 21
\nOsm\u00edn Aguirre y Salinas, October 21, 1944-March 1, 1945<\/p>\n

1945<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Salvador Castaneda Castro<\/p>\n

1948<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Manuel de J. C\u00f3rdova<\/p>\n

1949<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00d3scar Osorio, January 4\u2013October 22
\n\u00d3scar Bola\u00f1os, October 22-September 14, 1950<\/p>\n

1950<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00d3scar Osorio<\/p>\n

1956<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Lemus<\/p>\n

1960<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Miguel \u00c1ngel Castillo<\/p>\n

\"Fidel_Sanchez_Hernandez\"<\/a>

Fidel S\u00e1nchez Hernandez<\/p><\/div>\n

1961<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0An\u00edbal Portillo<\/p>\n

1962<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Eusebio Rodolfo Cord\u00f3n,
\nJanuary 25\u2013July 1
\nJulio Adalberto Rivera, July 1\u2013
\nJuly 1, 1967<\/p>\n

1967<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Fidel S\u00e1nchez Hern\u00e1ndez<\/p>\n

1972<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Arturo Armando Molina<\/p>\n

1977<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Humberto Romero<\/p>\n

1979<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jaime Abdul Guti\u00e9rrez, Adolfo
\nArnoldo Majano and junta<\/p>\n

\"Mauricio<\/a>

Mauricio Funes<\/p><\/div>\n

1980<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Napole\u00f3n Duarte<\/p>\n

1982<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alvaro Alfredo Maga\u00f1a<\/p>\n

1984<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Napole\u00f3n Duarte<\/p>\n

1989<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alfredo Cristiani<\/p>\n

1994<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Armando Calder\u00f3n Sol<\/p>\n

1999<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Francisco Flores P\u00e9rez<\/p>\n

2004<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Antonio Saca<\/p>\n

2009<\/strong> Mauricio Funes<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Honduras:<\/span><\/p>\n

1876<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Marco Aurelio Soto<\/p>\n

\"Marco_Aurelio_Soto\"<\/a>

Marco Aurelio Soto<\/p><\/div>\n

1883<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Lu\u00eds Bogr\u00e1n<\/p>\n

1891<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ponciano Leiva<\/p>\n

1893<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Domingo V\u00e1zquez<\/p>\n

1894<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Policarpo Bonilla<\/p>\n

1899<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Terencio Sierra<\/p>\n

1903<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Manuel Bonilla<\/p>\n

1907<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Miguel R. D\u00e1vila<\/p>\n

1911<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Francisco Bertrand<\/p>\n

1912<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Manuel Bonilla<\/p>\n

1913<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Francisco Bertrand<\/p>\n

\"396px-Rafael_Lopez_Gutierrez\"<\/a>

Rafael L\u00f3pez Guti\u00e9rrez<\/p><\/div>\n

1915<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alberto Membre\u00f1o<\/p>\n

1916<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Francisco Bertrand<\/p>\n

1920<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rafael L\u00f3pez Guti\u00e9rrez<\/p>\n

1924<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Fausto D\u00e1vila, March 27\u201331
\nVincente Tosta, April 1\u2013
\nFebruary 2, 1925<\/p>\n

1925<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Miguel Paz Barahona<\/p>\n

1929<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Vincente Mej\u00eda Colindres<\/p>\n

1933<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Tiburcio Car\u00edas Andino<\/p>\n

1949<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Juan Manuel G\u00e1lvez<\/p>\n

1956<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Roque I. Rodr\u00edguez<\/p>\n

1957<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ram\u00f3n Villeda Morales<\/p>\n

1963<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Oswaldo L\u00f3pez Arellano<\/p>\n

1971<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ram\u00f3n Ernesto Cruz<\/p>\n

1972<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Oswaldo L\u00f3pez Arellano<\/p>\n

1975<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Juan Alberto Melgar Castro<\/p>\n

\"Rafael_Callejas\"<\/a>

Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero<\/p><\/div>\n

1978<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Policarpo Paz Garc\u00eda<\/p>\n

1982\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Roberto Suazo C\u00f3rdova<\/p>\n

1986<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Azcona del Hoyo<\/p>\n

1990<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rafael Leonardo Callejas<\/p>\n

1994<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Roberto Reina<\/p>\n

1998<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Roberto
\nFlores<\/p>\n

2002<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ricardo Maduro<\/p>\n

2006<\/strong> Manuel Zelaya<\/p>\n

2009<\/strong> Roberto Micheletti (acting)<\/p>\n

2010<\/strong> Porfirio Lobo Sosa<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Panama:<\/span><\/p>\n

1904<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Manuel Amador Guerrero<\/p>\n

\"220px-Amador_Guerrero,_Manuel\"<\/a>

Manuel Amador Guerrero<\/p><\/div>\n

1908<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Domingo de Obald\u00eda<\/p>\n

1910<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Antonio Mendoza,
\nMarch 1\u2013October 1
\nFederico Boyd, October 1\u20134
\nPablo Arosemena, October 4\u2013February 2, 1912<\/p>\n

1912<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rodolfo Chiari, February 2\u2013
\nMarch 7
\nPablo Arosemena, March 7\u2013October 1<\/p>\n

Belisario Porras, October 1, 1912-October 1, 1916<\/p>\n

1916<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ram\u00f3n Maximiliano Vald\u00e9s<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Ciro Luis Urriola, June 3\u2013October 1
\nPedro Antonio D\u00edaz, October 1\u201312
\nBelisario Porras, October 12\u2013January 30, 1920<\/p>\n

1920<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ernesto Tisdel Lefevere,
\nJanuary 30\u2013October 1
\nBelisario Porras, October 1\u2013October 1, 1924<\/p>\n

1924<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rodolfo Chiari<\/p>\n

1928<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Florencio Harmodio Arosemena<\/p>\n

1931<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Harmodio Arias, January 2\u201316
\nRicardo J. Alfaro, January 16\u2013
\nOctober 1, 1932<\/p>\n

1932\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Harmodio Arias<\/p>\n

1936\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Juan Dem\u00f3stenes Arosemena<\/p>\n

1939<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Augusto S. Boyd<\/p>\n

1940<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Arnulfo Arias<\/p>\n

1941<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ernesto Ja\u00e9n Guardia,
\nOctober 9
\nRicardo Adolfo de la Guardia
\nOctober 9\u2013June 15, 1945<\/p>\n

1945<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Enrique Adolfo Jim\u00e9nez<\/p>\n

1948<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Domingo D\u00edaz Arosemena<\/p>\n

1949<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Daniel Chanis Pinz\u00f3n, July 28\u2013November 20
\nRoberto Chiari Rem\u00f3n, November 20\u201325
\nArnulfo Arias, November 25\u2013May 10, 1951<\/p>\n

1951<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alcib\u00edades Arosemena<\/p>\n

1952<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Antonio Rem\u00f3n Cantera<\/p>\n

1955<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Guizado, January 3\u201315
\nRicardo M. Arias Espinosa,
\nJanuary 15\u2013October 1, 1956<\/p>\n

\"220px-De-la-espriella-crop\"<\/a>

Ricardo de la Espriella<\/p><\/div>\n

1956<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ernesto de la Guardia, Jr.<\/p>\n

1960<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Roberto F. Chiari Rem\u00f3n<\/p>\n

1964<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Marco Aurelio Robles<\/p>\n

1968<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Arnulfo Arias Madrid, October 1\u2013
\nOctober 11
\nOmar Torrijos Herrera, October 11\u2013
\nSeptember, 1978<\/p>\n

1978<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Aristides Royo<\/p>\n

1982<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ricardo de la Espriella<\/p>\n

1984<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jorge Illueca
\nNicol\u00e1s Ardito Barletta Vallarino<\/p>\n

1985<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Eric Arturo Devalle Henr\u00edquez<\/p>\n

\"509px-Ricardo_Martinelli_Presidente_de_Panama\u0301\"<\/a>

Ricardo Martinelli<\/p><\/div>\n

1988<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Manuel Sol\u00eds Palma (Manuel Antonio Noreiga, de facto head of state)<\/p>\n

1989<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Francisco Rodrigu\u00e9z, September\u2013December<\/p>\n

1990<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Guillermo Endara<\/p>\n

1994<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ernesto P\u00e9rez Balladares Gonz\u00e1lez<\/p>\n

1999<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Mireya Moscoso<\/p>\n

2004<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Mart\u00edn Torrijos<\/p>\n

2009<\/strong> Ricardo Martinelli<\/p>\n

Guatemala:<\/span><\/p>\n

1873<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Justo Rufino Barrios<\/p>\n

\"180px-Manuel_Estrada_Cabrera_01\"<\/a>

Manuel Jos\u00e9 Estrada Cabrera<\/p><\/div>\n

1885<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alejandro Sinibaldi, April 2\u201315
\nManuel Lisandro Barillas, April 15\u2013
\nMarch 15, 1892<\/p>\n

1892<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Reina Barrios<\/p>\n

1898<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Manuel Estrada Cabrera<\/p>\n

1920<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Herrera<\/p>\n

1922<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Orellana<\/p>\n

1926<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0L\u00e1zaro Chac\u00f3n<\/p>\n

1930<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Baudillo Palma, December 13\u201316
\nManuel Orellana C., December 16-31
\nJos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Reyna Andrade,
\nDecember 31\u2013February 14, 1931<\/p>\n

1931<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jorge Ubico<\/p>\n

1944<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Federico Ponce Vaidez, July 1\u2013October 21
\nJacobo Arbenz Guzm\u00e1n,
\nDecember 12\u2013March 1, 1945<\/p>\n

1945<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Juan Jos\u00e9 Ar\u00e9valo<\/p>\n

1951<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jacobo \u00c1rbenz Guzm\u00e1n<\/p>\n

1954<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos D\u00edaz, June 27\u201329
\nElfego J. Monz\u00f3n, June 29\u2013July 8
\nCarlos Castillo Armas, July 8\u2013
\nJuly 26, 1957<\/p>\n

1957<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Luis Arturo Gonz\u00e1lez L\u00f3pez,
\nJuly 27\u2013October 25
\nGuillermo Flores Avenda\u00f1o,
\nOctober 28\u2013March 2, 1958<\/p>\n

1958<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Miguel Yd\u00edgoras Fuentes<\/p>\n

\"402px-Marco_Vinicio_Cerezo_Are\u0301valo_DN-SN-86-05174\"<\/a>

Marco Vinicio Cerezo Ar\u00e9valo<\/p><\/div>\n

1963\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Enrique Peralta Azurdia<\/p>\n

1966<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Julio C\u00e9sar M\u00e9ndez Montenegro<\/p>\n

1970<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio<\/p>\n

1974<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garc\u00eda<\/p>\n

1978<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Fernando Romeo Lucas Garc\u00eda<\/p>\n

1982<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Efra\u00edn R\u00edos Montt<\/p>\n

1983<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00d3scar Humberto Mej\u00eda Victores<\/p>\n

1986<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Marco Vinicio Cerezo Ar\u00e9valo<\/p>\n

1991<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jorge Serrano El\u00edas<\/p>\n

1993<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ramiro de Le\u00f3n Carpio<\/p>\n

\"220px-Otto_Perez_Molina_at_World_Economic_Forum_2013-cropped\"<\/a>

Otto Perez Molina<\/p><\/div>\n

1996<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00c1lvaro Arz\u00fa<\/p>\n

2000<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alfonso Portillo Cabrera<\/p>\n

2004<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00d3car Berger<\/p>\n

2008<\/strong> \u00c1lvaro Colom<\/p>\n

2012<\/strong> Otto P\u00e9rez Molina<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Costa Rica:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1876\u00a0<\/strong>Tom\u00e1s Guardia<\/p>\n

1882<\/strong> Pr\u00f3spero Fern\u00e1ndez<\/p>\n

1885\u00a0<\/strong>Bernardo Soto y Alfaro<\/p>\n

1890\u00a0<\/strong>Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Rodr\u00edguez<\/p>\n

1894\u00a0<\/strong>Rafael Iglesias Castro<\/p>\n

\"\"

Rafael Iglesias Castro<\/p><\/div>\n

1902\u00a0<\/strong> Ascensi\u00f3n Esquivel Ibarra<\/p>\n

1906\u00a0<\/strong>Cleto Gonz\u00e1lez V\u00edquez<\/p>\n

1910\u00a0<\/strong>Ricardo Jim\u00ednez Oreamuno<\/p>\n

1914<\/strong> Alfredo Gonz\u00e1lez Flores<\/p>\n

1917\u00a0<\/strong>Federico Tinoco Granados<\/p>\n

1919<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Julio Acosta Garc\u00eda, May 7\u2013
\nAugust 13
\nJuan Bautista Quir\u00f3s, August 13\u2013
\nMay 8, 1920<\/p>\n

1920\u00a0<\/strong>Julio Acosta Garc\u00eda<\/p>\n

1924<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ricardo Jim\u00e9nez Oreamuno<\/p>\n

1928<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Cleto Gonz\u00e1lez V\u00edquez<\/p>\n

1932<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Ricardo Jim\u00e9nez Oreamuno<\/p>\n

1936<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Le\u00f3n Cort\u00e9s Castro<\/p>\n

1940<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rafael Angel Calder\u00f3n Guardia<\/p>\n

1944\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Teodoro Picardo Michalski<\/p>\n

1948<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Santos Le\u00f3n Herrera, April 19\u2013
\nMay 8
\nJos\u00e9 Figueres Ferrer, May 8\u2013
\nNovember 8, 1949<\/p>\n

\"\"

Otilio Ulate Blanco<\/p><\/div>\n

1949<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Otilio Ulate Blanco<\/p>\n

1952<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alberto Oreamuno Flores<\/p>\n

1953<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Figueres Ferrer<\/p>\n

1958<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Mario Echandi Jim\u00e9nez<\/p>\n

1962<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Francisco Jos\u00e9 Orlich<\/p>\n

1966<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Trejos Fern\u00e1ndez<\/p>\n

1970<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Figueres Ferrer<\/p>\n

\"\"

Rodrigo Carazo<\/p><\/div>\n

1974<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Daniel Oduber<\/p>\n

1978<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rodrigo Carazo<\/p>\n

1982<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Luis Alberto Monge Alvarez<\/p>\n

1986<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Oscar Arias S\u00e1nchez<\/p>\n

1990<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Rafael Angel Calder\u00f3n<\/p>\n

1994<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres<\/p>\n

1998\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Miguel Angel Rodr\u00edguez
\nEcheverr\u00eda<\/p>\n

2002<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Abel Pacheco de la Espriella<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nicaragua: 1879\u00a0\u00a0Joaqu\u00edn Zavala 1883\u00a0\u00a0Ad\u00e1n C\u00e1rdenas 1887\u00a0\u00a0Evaristo Carazo 1889\u00a0\u00a0Roberto Sacasa 1893\u00a0\u00a0Innere Wirren Jos\u00e9 Santos Zelaya 1909\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Madriz 1910\u00a0\u00a0Jos\u00e9 Dolores Estrada 1911\u00a0\u00a0Juan Jos\u00e9 Estrada, January 1\u2013May 9 Adolfo D\u00edaz, May 9\u2013December 31\u00a0(U.S. Occupation) 1917\u00a0\u00a0Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (U.S. Occupation) 1919\u00a0\u00a0Diego Manuel Chamorro (U.S. … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"parent":197,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"sidebar-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-413","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=413"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5072,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/413\/revisions\/5072"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/modernlatinamerica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}