{"id":191,"date":"2016-01-23T20:25:39","date_gmt":"2016-01-24T01:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/?page_id=191"},"modified":"2016-02-08T12:04:12","modified_gmt":"2016-02-08T17:04:12","slug":"communication-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/exhibit\/communication\/communication-1\/","title":{"rendered":"..."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Envelope with canceled \u201cPenny Black\u201d stamp (United Kingdom, 1840)<\/b><br \/>\n<b>Sent from London to Edinburgh, 1840<\/b><br \/>\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Robert T. Galkin Collection<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This letter was sent with the world\u2019s first postage stamp, the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penny_Black\">Penny Black<\/a>\u201d. Before social reformer <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowland_Hill\">Rowland Hill<\/a> invented the stamp, the British postal service used a complex pricing system. A single letter could cost a full day\u2019s wages, which the recipient was required to pay. Parliament approved the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uniform_Penny_Post\">Uniform Penny Post<\/a> in 1840 and the annual number of sent letters doubled by 1841. The design soon changed to red when postal workers realized the dark ink obscured cancellations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-484 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md.jpg\" alt=\"StampEx001_1md\" width=\"482\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md.jpg 482w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md-100x68.jpg 100w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md-200x136.jpg 200w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_1md-450x305.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-485 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md.jpg\" alt=\"StampEx001_2md\" width=\"482\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md.jpg 482w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md-100x68.jpg 100w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md-200x136.jpg 200w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2016\/01\/StampEx001_2md-450x305.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Envelope with canceled \u201cPenny Black\u201d stamp (United Kingdom, 1840) Sent from London to Edinburgh, 1840 Robert T. Galkin Collection This letter was sent with the world\u2019s first postage stamp, the \u201cPenny Black\u201d. Before social reformer Rowland Hill invented the stamp, the British postal service used a complex pricing system. A single letter could cost a <a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/exhibit\/communication\/communication-1\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  &#8230;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-191","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":968,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191\/revisions\/968"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/stamps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}