{"id":1997,"date":"2019-06-12T21:13:50","date_gmt":"2019-06-12T16:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/info\/?page_id=1997"},"modified":"2021-11-29T13:14:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T18:14:08","slug":"minstrelsy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/collections\/harris\/minstrelsy\/","title":{"rendered":"Harris Collection of American Poetry and Plays \u2013 Minstrelsy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources for the Study of 19th and 20th Century Blackface Minstrelsy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"#coll\">Songsters<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"#relcoll\">Minstrel Plays or Skits <\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"#relint\">Sheet Music <\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"#essref\">Searching for Blackface Minstrelsy in Josiah<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"#related\">Related Internet Resources<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"#essential\">Essential References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other Harris Links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/collections\/harris\/index\/\">Back to the main page<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/collections\/harris\/history\/\">Harris Collection history<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/collections\/harris\/research\/\">Research Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/collections\/harris\/internet-resources\/\">Internet Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"coll\"><\/a>Songsters<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/buckley.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/buckley.jpg\" alt=\"Buckley's Ethiopian melodies\" class=\"wp-image-2022\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/buckley.jpg 178w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/buckley-100x149.jpg 100w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/buckley-150x223.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 178px) 100vw, 178px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Songsters are little books of lyrics to popular songs, most dating from the late 18th century to the late 19th century. Many are associated with particular performers or composers, such as <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=bryant+dan+1833\">Dan Bryant<\/a> or <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=harrigan+and+hart\">Harrigan and Hart<\/a>. In <a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/\">Josiah<\/a>, they may be found by searching for the subject &#8220;<a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/d SEARCH=songsters\">Songsters<\/a>.&#8221; It is also possible to find them by publisher or by the name of a performer. Use the limit function to select for date or other criteria. In addition, it is useful to search the titles in the chapter references or bibliography in Robert Toll&#8217;s book <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1019190\">Blacking Up<\/a>. Most of the songsters are available on microfilm, and thus photocopies can be made at need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>See also:<\/strong><br>\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/info\/collections\/harris\/songsters\/\">Songsters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"relcoll\"><\/a>Minstrel Plays or Skits<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>These include actual skits performed by professional minstrel troupes (primarily in the 19th century) and those intended for amateur performers (primarily in the 20th century). Search <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search\/\">Josiah&nbsp;<\/a>by publisher (author search), by playwright, or using the references in <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1019190\">Blacking Up<\/a>. Many of the plays are too fragile to photocopy, although some exist on microfilm or microfiche and can be copied from these sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>See also:<\/strong><br>\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/info\/collections\/harris\/plays\/\">Plays<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"relint\"><\/a>Sheet Music<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sheet music includes notation for single songs. Most of the titles associated with minstrelsy from 1826 to the late 19th century are in <a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/\">Josiah<\/a>. Often the music has very interesting and illuminating illustrated covers and includes portraits of performers. Sheet music can be found in <a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/\">Josiah<\/a>&nbsp;by title, by performer, by composer, and by a wide variety of subjects. &#8220;African-Americans&#8211;Songs and Music&#8221; will retrieve a great many pieces. In addition, there are many uncataloged pieces filed by title. References in <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1019190\">Blacking Up<\/a> are useful, as are songs cited in Sam Dennison&#8217;s <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1149909\">Scandalize My Name<\/a>. Photocopies of sheet music can easily be made. In addition, there are digitized copies of more than 1,300 pieces of African-American related sheet music on the web. See: <a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/dl.lib.brown.edu\/sheetmusic\/afam\/index.html\">Brown University African-American Sheet Music 1850-1920<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>See also:<\/strong><br>\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/create\/info\/collections\/harris\/music\/\">Music<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"essref\"><\/a>Searching for Blackface Minstrelsy in Josiah<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>Publishers (also use as limit): <\/em><\/td><td><em>Musicians &amp; playwrights (19th cent.)<\/em>:<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=dick+and+fitzgerald\">Dick &amp; Fitzgerald<\/a>, pub.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=De+Witt+R+M+Robert+M+1827+1877+\">DeWitt, Robert M<\/a>., pub.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=New+York+Popular+Publishing+Co\">New York Popular Publishing Co. <\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=brady+frederic+a\">Brady, Frederic A.<\/a>, pub.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=turner+and+fisher\">Turner &amp; Fisher<\/a>, pub.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=winch+a\">Winch, A.&nbsp;<\/a>pub.<\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=Leavitt+A+J+Andrew+J+\">Leavitt, Andrew J.<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=Griffin%2C+G.+W.+H.+%28George+W.+H.%29%2C+1829-1879+\">Griffin, George W. H.<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=dumont+frank\">Dumont, Frank<br><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=cutler+frank+l\">Cutler, Frank<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=buckley+james+1803+1872\">Buckley, James<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=Buckley+Frederick+1833+1864+\">Buckley, Frederick<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=buckley%27s\">Buckley&#8217;s&#8230;&#8230;..<\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=White+Charles+1821+1891+\">White, Charles <\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Playwright (20th century): <\/em><\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/a?SEARCH=Kaser+Arthur+Leroy+1890+1956+\">Kaser, Arthur Leroy<\/a> (use him for 20th century minstrelsy)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Subject headings for 19th century minstrelsy:<\/em><\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/d?SEARCH=african-americans+songs+and+music\">African-Americans Songs and Music <\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/d?SEARCH=african-american+plays\">African-American Plays<\/a> (careful of the date)<br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/d?SEARCH=minstrel+shows\">Minstrel Shows<\/a> (limit by date)<br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7\/d?SEARCH=minstrels\">Minstrels&nbsp;<\/a>(limit by date)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"related\" name=\"related\"><\/a>Related Internet Resources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/cds\/sheetmusic\/afam\/index.html\">African-American Sheet Music Digitizing Project<\/a><br>Brown University Library<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brown University Library Resources: Resource Guides to Subject Areas:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/gateway\/lrg.php?id=1\">Resource Guide: Africana Studies <\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/gateway\/lrg.php?id=2\">Resource Guide: American Studies<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/gateway\/lrg.php?id=45\">Resource Guide: Music<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Orwig Music Library<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/gateway\/lrg.php?id=53\">Resource Guide: Race and Ethnicity<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/gateway\/lrg.php?id=59\">Resource Guide: Theatre Arts and Performance Studies<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brown University Library Resources: Subject Collections<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/collatoz\/cluster.php?cluster_id=3\">American Culture and Society<\/a><br>Holdings in Special Collections<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/collatoz\/cluster.php?cluster_id=11\">Race and Ethnicity Studies <\/a><br>Holdings in Special Collections<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other Internet Resources<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/amsshtml\/amsshome.html\">America Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets<\/a><br>Library of Congress: American Memory<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/rbpehtml\/pehome.html\">An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera<\/a><br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/www.indiana.edu\/~aaamc\/\">Archives of African American Music and Culture<\/a><br>Indiana University Library<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bluegrassbanjo.org\/\">Banjo Tablatures and Bluegrass Information<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/afccchtml\/cowhome.html\">California Gold: Northern California Folk Music from the Thirties<\/a><br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/about.colum.edu\/cbmr\/index.html\">Center for Black Music Research<\/a><br>Columbia College Chicago<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/popmusic.mtsu.edu\/\">Center for Popular Music Research Special Collection Databases <\/a><br>Middle Tennessee State University<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/exhibits\/archive\/SMC\/exhibit.html\">Dreams of the Past: 19th Century Color Lithographic Sheet Music<\/a><br>Brown University<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/rghtml\/rghome.html\">Hispano Music and Culture of the Northern Rio Grande<\/a><br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/scriptorium.lib.duke.edu\/sheetmusic\/\">Historic American Sheet Music<\/a><br>Duke University<br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/levysheetmusic.mse.jhu.edu\/\">The Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection<\/a><br>Johns Hopkins University<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/smhtml\/smhome.html\">Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music 1870-1885<\/a><br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/people.ischool.berkeley.edu\/~mkduggan\/project.html\">19th Century California Sheet Music<\/a><br>University of California, Berkeley<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhotjazz.com\/index.htm\">The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.ucla.edu\/sheetmusic\/\">Sheet Music Consortium<\/a> (OAI)<br>UCLA Library<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/findingdb\/sheetmusicindex\/\">Sheet Music Index<\/a><br>Duke University Libraries<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.scc.rutgers.edu\/ead\/snjc\/songsheetsf.html\">Song Sheets in Special Collections<\/a><br>Rutgers University Library<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/lohtml\/lohome.html\">Southern Mosaic: The John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip<\/a><br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tlmorgan.com\/\">Tom Morgan&#8217;s Jazz and Blues<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/jefferson.village.virginia.edu\/utc\/\">Uncle Tom&#8217;s Cabin and American Culture<\/a><br>University of Virginia<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/collections\/alfred-whital-stern-lincolniana\/?q=sheet%20music&amp;fi=subject\">&#8216;We&#8217;ll Sing to Abe our Song&#8217;: Sheet Music about Lincoln, Emancipation, and the Civil War<\/a><br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><li><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/wghtml\/wghome.html\">William P. Gottlieb Photographs from the Golden Age of Jazz<\/a><br>Library of Congress American Memory<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Essential References<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/plantation_melodies.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"231\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/plantation_melodies.jpg\" alt=\"Christy's plantation melodies, no. 3\" class=\"wp-image-2023\" srcset=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/plantation_melodies.jpg 231w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/plantation_melodies-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/plantation_melodies-100x154.jpg 100w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/plantation_melodies-150x231.jpg 150w, https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/plantation_melodies-200x307.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1066100\">Afro-American Poetry and Drama, 1760-1975. A guide to information sources<\/a>.<br>Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1979.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1067228\"><br>American music before 1865 in print and on records : a biblio-discography \/pref. by H. Wiley Hitchcock<\/a><br>New York: Institute for Studies in American Music, Dept. of Music, School of Performing Arts, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, [c1976].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2268582\">American playwrights, 1880-1945 : a research and production sourcebook \/ edited by William W. Demastes<\/a><br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, c1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bordman, Gerald Martin<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b3522806\">The Oxford companion to American theatre \/ Gerald Bordman, 3rd edition<\/a><br>New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2608718\">Cambridge guide to American theatre \/ edited by Don B. Wilmeth and Tice L. Miller<\/a><br>Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2679919\"><br>The Cambridge history of American theatre \/ edited by Don B. Wilmeth, Christopher Bigsby. 3 vols.<\/a><br>Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998-2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Damon, S. Foster<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1272415\">The negro in early American songsters<\/a><br>[n.p.] 1934<br>Note: dated, but useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De Charms, Desiree<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1276083\">Songs in collections; an index [by] Desiree de Charms &amp; Paul F. Breed<\/a><br>Detroit Information Service [c1966].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dennison, Sam<br><a href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1149909\">Scandalize my name: Black imagery in American popular music<\/a><br>New York: Garland Publishing, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devine, George J.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1184860\">American songsters 1806-1815<\/a><br>(M.A. Thesis)<br>Providence, R.I.: Brown University, 1940.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dichter, Harry<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1608620\">Early American sheet music : its lure and its lore, 1768-1889 \/ by Harry Dichter and Elliott Shapiro ; including a directory of early American music publishers; illustrated<\/a><br>New York: R.R. Bowker Co., 1941.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Epstein, Dena J.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search\/t?SEARCH=Sinful+tunes+and+spirituals\">Sinful tunes and spirituals : Black folk music to the Civil War<\/a><br>Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, c1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fuld, James J.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1276057\">American popular music : (reference book) 1875-1950<\/a><br>Philadelphia: Musical Americana, c1955, 1956.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gillespie, John<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1216249\">A bibliography of nineteenth-century American piano music, with location sources and composer biography-index \/ John Gillespie and Anna Gillespie<\/a><br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goodfellow, William D.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search\/e?SEARCH=ref+go597s\">SongCite : an index to popular songs.<\/a><br>New York: Garland, 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goodfellow, William D.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search~S7?\/eref+go597s\/eref+go597s\/1%2C2%2C2%2CE\/frameset&amp;FF=eref+go597s+suppl&amp;1%2C1%2C\">SongCite : an index to popular songs. Supplement 1<\/a><br>New York: Garland Pub., 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harwell, Richard Barksdale<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1844944\">Confederate music<\/a><br>Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hatch, James Vernon<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1343599\">Black playwrights, 1823-1977: an annotated bibliography of plays\/ compiled and edited by James V. Hatch<br>and Omanii Abdullah.<\/a><br>New York: Bowker, 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havlice, Patricia Pate<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1024962\"> Popular song index<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havlice, Patricia Pate<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1087160\">Popular song index: first supplement<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havlice, Patricia Pate<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1197154\">Popular song index. Second supplement<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havlice, Patricia Pate<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1753322\">Popular song index. Third supplement<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heard, Priscilla S.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1140066\">American music, 1698-1800: an annotated bibliography.<\/a><br>Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press, Markham Press Fund, c1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hixon, Donald L.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1276544\">Music in early America: a bibliography of music in Evans.<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hoogerwerf, Frank W.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1338667\">Confederate sheet-music imprints<\/a><br>Brooklyn, N.Y.: Institute for Studies in American Music, Conservatory of Music,<br>Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, c1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hovland, Michael A.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1350503\">Musical settings of American poetry : a bibliography<\/a><br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keller, Kate Van Winkle<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1178367\"> The national tune index [microform] \/ compiled by Kate Van Winkle Keller and Carolyn Rabson<\/a><br>Microfiche ed<br>New York: University Music Editions, c1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klamkin, Marian<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1033543\">Old sheet music: a pictorial history. Photos. by Charles Klamkin<\/a><br>New York: Hawthorn Books, c1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krummel, Donald William<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/search\/e?SEARCH=ref+kr9373b\">Bibliographical handbook of American music<\/a><br>Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, c1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krummel, Donald William<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1016138\">Guide for dating early published music: a manual of bibliographical practice<\/a><br>Hackensack, N.J.: J. Boonin, 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Larson, Carl F. W.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1106859\">American regional theatre history to 1900: a bibliography \/ compiled by Carl F. W. Larson<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lax, Roger<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1618349\">The great song thesaurus \/ Roger Lax, Frederick Smith<\/a><br>2nd ed., updated and expanded<br>New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Levy, Lester S.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1276756\"> Grace notes in American history; popular sheet music from 1820-1900<\/a><br>Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Levy, Lester S.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1048365\"> Picture the songs : lithographs from the sheet music of nineteenth-century America.<\/a><br>Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, c1976.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Library Company of Philadelphia<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1632872\">American song sheets, slip ballads, and poetical broadsides, 1850-1870; a catalogue of the collection of the Library Company of Philadelphia by Edwin Wolf 2nd.<\/a><br>New York: Kraus Reprint Corp., 1963.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lissauer, Robert<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2039106\">Lissauer&#8217;s encyclopedia of popular music in America: 1888 to the present<\/a><br>New York: Paragon House, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lowens, Irving<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1050025\">A bibliography of songsters printed in America before 1821<\/a><br>Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1976.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Martin, Edwin<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1252853\">Mud show: American tent circus life \/ photographs by Edwin Martin; essay by Don B. Wilmeth<\/a><br>Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, c1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Metcalf, Frank J.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1276076\">American psalmody; or, Titles of books containing tunes printed in America from 1721 to 1820. Compiled by Frank J. Metcalf. New introduction by Harry Eskew<\/a><br>New York: Da Capo Press, 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miles, William<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1921733\">Songs, odes, glees and ballads. A bibliography of American presidential campaign songsters<\/a><br>New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moody, Richard<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1429647\">Dramas from the American theatre, 1762-1909.<\/a><br>Cleveland, Ohio: World Pub. Co., 1966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1894456\">Music printing and publishing \/ edited by D.W. Krummel and Stanley Sadie<\/a><br>New York: W.W. Norton, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1351678\"> The New Grove dictionary of American music \/ edited by H. Wiley Hitchcock and Stanley Sadie; editorial coordinator Susan Feder<\/a><br>London: Macmillan Press Ltd.; New York : Grove&#8217;s Dictionaries of Music Inc., distributor, 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2244117\">The New York Public Library performing arts desk reference<\/a><br>New York: Macmillan, c1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odell, George Clinton Densmore<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1903468\">Annals of the New York stage<\/a><br>New York: Columbia University Press, 1927-49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peters, Harry Twyford<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1461937\"> America on stone; the other printmakers to the American people; a chronicle of American lithography<br>other than that of Currier &amp; Ives, from its beginning, shortly before 1820, to the years when the commercial single-stone hand-colored lithograph disappeared from the American scene. <\/a><br>Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc., c1931.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peterson, Bernard L.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2621496\">The African American theatre directory, 1816-1960 : a comprehensive guide to early Black theatre organizations, companies, theatres, and performing groups.<\/a><br>Foreword by Errol Hill.<br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peterson, Bernard L., Jr.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2159287\">A Century of Musicals in Black and White. An Encyclopedia of Musical Stage Works by, about, or Involving African Americans<\/a><br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peterson, Bernard L., Jr.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1916464\">Early Black American Playwrights and Dramatic Writers. A Biographical Directory and Catalog of Plays,<br>Films, and Broadcasting Scripts<\/a><br>New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1260981\"> Popular music, 1900-1919: an annotated guide to American popular songs, including introductory essay, lyricists and composers index, important performances index, chronological index, and list of publishers.\/ Barbara Cohen-Stratyner, editor<\/a><br>Detroit: Gale Research Inc., c1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2664143\">Popular music, 1920-1979: a revised cumulation \/ Nat Shapiro and Bruce Pollock, editors<\/a><br>Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2664040\"> Popular music, 1980-1989<\/a>: an annotated guide to American popular songs, including introductory essay, lyricists and composers index, important performances index, chronological index, awards index, and list of publishers \/ Bruce Pollock, editor,&nbsp;Revised cumulation.<br>Detroit: Gale Research Inc., c1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabson, Carolyn<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1178749\">The national tune index user&#8217;s guide : 18th-century secular music \/ Carolyn Rabson, Kate Van Winkle Keller ; [foreword by Irving Lowens ; introduction by Arthur F. Schrader]<\/a><br>New York: University Music Editions, 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1156237\"> Resources of American music history : a directory of source materials from Colonial times to World War II;<\/a> D. W. Krummel &#8230; [et al.]<br>Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, c1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riis, Thomas Laurence.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2053589\">More than just minstrel shows: the rise of Black musical theatre at the turn of the century<\/a><br>New York: Institute for Studies in American Music, Conservatory of Music, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, c1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riis, Thomas Laurence.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1746972\">Just before jazz: Black musical theater in New York, 1890-1915<\/a><br>Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, c1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sampson, Henry T.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1048761\"> Blacks in blackface: a source book on early black musical shows<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sampson, Henry T.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1252880\">The ghost walks : a chronological history of Blacks in show business, 1865-1910<\/a><br>Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sears, Minnie Earl<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1276088\">Song index; an index to more than 12,000 songs in 177 song collections comprising 262 volumes, edited by Minnie Earl Sears, assisted by Phyllis Crawford<\/a><br>New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1926.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sears, Minnie Earl<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1276092\">Song index. Supplement; an index to more than 7000 songs in 104 song collections, comprising 124 volumes, edited by Minnie Earl Sears, assisted by Phyliss Crawford. Preface by Isadore Gilbert Mudge<\/a>.<br>New York: The H. W. Wilson company, 1934.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shapiro, Nat<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2650742\">Popular music (Detroit, Mich.)<\/a><br>Detroit: Gale Research Co., c1974-<br>Note: An annotated index of American popular songs. Edited by Nat Shapiro, v. 1-6 (covering 1920-1969); Bruce Pollock, v. 7- (covering 1970- ). A revised cumulation, 1980-1989, supersedes v. 9 (1980)-14 (1989)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonneck, Oscar George Theodore<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1239003\">A bibliography of early secular American music (18th century). Rev. and enlarged by William Treat Upton. With a preface to the Da Capo edition by Irving Lowens.<\/a><br>New York: Da Capo Press, 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Southern, Eileen<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1157984\">Biographical dictionary of Afro-American and African musicians.<\/a><br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Southern, Eileen<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b2604762\">The music of black Americans: a history<\/a><br>3rd edition<br>New York: W.W. Norton, c1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tatham, David<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1274342\"> The lure of the striped pig; the illustration of popular music in America, 1820-1870<\/a><br>Barre, Mass.: Imprint Society, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toll, Robert C.&nbsp;<a class=\"main\" href=\"http:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1019190\"><br>Blacking up: the minstrel show in nineteenth century America<\/a><br>New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilmeth, Don B.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1187749\">American and English popular entertainment: a guide to information sources\/ Don B. Wilmeth; foreword by Brooks McNamara<\/a><br>Detroit: Gale Research Co., c1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilmeth, Don B.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1094372\">The American stage to World War I : a guide to information sources<\/a><br>Detroit: Gale Research Co., c1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilmeth, Don B<br><a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.brown.edu\/catalog\/b1142308\">Variety entertainment and outdoor amusements: a reference guide<\/a><br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wolfe, Richard J.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1192069\">Secular music in America, 1801-1825 : a bibliography \/ introd. by Carleton Sprague Smith<\/a><br>New York: The New York Public Library, 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Woll, Allen L.<br><a class=\"main\" href=\"https:\/\/josiah.brown.edu\/record=b1194304\">Dictionary of the Black theatre : Broadway, off-Broadway, and selected Harlem theatre<\/a><br>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"bodytextSmall\">Images:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Buckley&#8217;s Ethiopian melodies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>: published under the authority of James Buckley and Sons, proprietors and managers of Buckley&#8217;s New Orleans Serenaders, containing the genuine Buckley&#8217;s songs, as sung at their Opera House, 539 Broadway, New York, N.Y.: P.J. Cozans, [c1853] Harris Index no. 3206. Harris Collection of American Poetry and Plays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Christy&#8217;s plantation melodies, no. 3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>. Published under the authority of Edwin P. Christy. Philadelphia; New York, [etc.]: Fisher &amp; Brother, c1853. Harris Index no. 3220. Harris Collection of American Poetry and Plays.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sources for the Study of 19th and 20th Century Blackface Minstrelsy Songsters Minstrel Plays or Skits Sheet Music Searching for Blackface Minstrelsy in Josiah Related Internet Resources Essential References Songsters Songsters are little books of lyrics to popular songs, most dating from the late 18th century to the late 19th century. Many are associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/collections\/harris\/minstrelsy\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Harris Collection of American Poetry and Plays \u2013 Minstrelsy<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":889,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-full-width-no-menu.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1997","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1997"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7577,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1997\/revisions\/7577"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}