Opening of Japan [Scroll 11]
Heather Velez, Brown '05
![[Departure I]](https://library.brown.edu/jpegs/1232057477859375.jpg)
In this panel, several boats carried American officers back to their ships. In the background, one American officer conversed with several Japanese officials. Also on land, there were groups of Japanese military officers marching with lances. The departure of the Americans signaled that negotiations between the two nations had ended The treaty agreed on between Commodore Perry and the commissioners representing Japan, Hayashi-Daigaku-Nokami, Ido, Prince of Tsus-Sima; Izawa, Prince of Mimasaki; and Udono, Board of Revenue, consisted of twelve articles. The first article spoke to an amicable relationship between the two nations. The second article established the ports of Shimoda and Hakodadi open to American ships, with wood, water, provisions, and coal supplied if needed. Castaways could be brought to either port, not subject to imprisonment and entrusted to the Americans. The ninth article was the "most favored nation" clause, which pronounced that any privilege or advantage afforded to any nation would also be extended to the United States. The eleventh article established a consulate in Shimoda. Both parties signed the treaty on March 31, 1854.
Before returning to the United States, the expedition made stops in Edo, Shimoda, and Hakodadi.