Chapter 10: Chile
Brian Loveman has produced a general history in Chile: The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999). For a rather different approach, see Simon Collier and William F. Sater, A History of Chile, 1808–1994 (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996). On party history, there is the revisionist study in Timothy R. Scully, Rethinking the Center: Party Politics in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Chile (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1992).
Gender as an historical category of analysis has been brilliantly applied in several recent studies on labor history: Elizabeth Q. Hutchison, Labors Appropriate to Their Sex: Gender, Labor, and Politics in Urban Chile, 1900–1930 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2001); Thomas Miller Klubock, Contested Communities: Class, Gender, and Politics in Chile’s El Teniente Copper Mine, 1904–1951 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1998); and Heidi Tinsman, Partners in Conflict: The Politics of Gender, Sexuality, and Labor in the Chilean Agrarian Reform, 1950–1973 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2002). Nara B. Milanich has written a comprehensive study of children and the family in Children of Fate: Childhood, Class, and he State in Chile, 1950-1930 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009). For a comparative analysis of labor history in Latin America, see Charles W. Bergquist, Labor in Latin America: Comparative Essays on Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, and Colombia (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1986) and John D. French and Daniel James, eds., The Gendered Worlds of Latin American Women Workers (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1999).
Florencia E. Mallon has closely examined indigenous struggles over land in Courage Tastes of Blood: The Mapuche Community of Nicolás Ailío and the Chilean State, 1906–2001 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2005). Magnus Course offers a anthropological study of the Mapuches in Becoming Mapuche: Person andRitualin Indigenous Chile (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011). A beautifully written account of a factory seizure by its workers during the left-wing Popular Unity government is Peter Winn, Weavers of Revolution: The Yarur Workers and Chile’s Road to Socialism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). The role of mobilized conservative women in the overthrow of the Allende government is meticulously documented in Margaret Power, Right-Wing Women in Chile: Feminine Power and the Struggle against Allende, 1964–1973 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002).
On Chile under the military, see Pamela Constable and Arturo Valenzuela, A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991). See also Pamela Lowden, Moral Opposition to Authoritarian Rule in Chile, 1973–1990 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996). Gwynn Thomas examines conflict in late-twentieth-century Chile in Contesting Legitimacy in Chile: Familial Ideals, Citizenship, and Political Struggle (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011).The ugly story of Pinochet’s ruthless repression is told in Patricia Verdugo, Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2001). Useful also is Kenneth M. Roberts, Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1998). See also Philip D. Oxhorn, Organizing Civil Society: The Popular Sectors and the Struggle for Democracy in Chile (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995).
The role of memory in constructing notions of the nation’s past is subtly treated in Lessie Jo Frazier, Salt in the Sand: Memory, Violence, and the Nation-State in Chile, 1890 to the Present (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2007); Steve J. Stern, Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet’s Chile, 1973–1988 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2006); by the same author, Reckoning with Pinochet: The Memory Question in Democratic Chile, 1989-2006 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2010; Macarena Gómez-Barris, Where Memory Dwells: Culture and State Violence in Chile (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009); and Paula Allen, Flowers in the Desert: The Search for Chile’s Disappeared, 2nd ed. (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013).
Chile’s economic record under neoliberalism is analyzed in Barry P. Bosworth, Rudiger Dornbusch, and Raúl Labán, eds., The Chilean Economy: Policy Lessons and Challenges (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1994). More critical views may be found in Joseph Collins and John Lear, Chile’s Free-Market Miracle: A Second Look (Oakland, Calif.: Food First, 1995); Peter Winn, ed., Victims of the Chilean Miracle: Workers and Neoliberalism in the Pinochet Era, 1973–2002 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2004; and Andrés Solimano, Chile and the Neoliberal Trap: The Post-Pinochet Era (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012). The rocky road of relations between the United States and Chile is assessed in David R. Mares and Francisco Rojas, The United States and Chile: Coming in Out of the Cold (New York: Routledge, 2001). An excellent transnational study of Chile during the early 1970s is Tanya Harmer, Allende’s Chile and the Inter-American Cold War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011).